Gum disease: gingivitis vs periodontitis
Gum disease has two stages. Early gingivitis is reversible; advanced periodontitis requires professional treatment.
Medically reviewed by Dr. Jose — June 8, 2026
Gum disease is an infection of the tissues supporting your teeth. It progresses in stages.
Gingivitis (early stage)
- Reversible — can be completely treated
- Symptoms: bleeding gums, swelling, redness, bad breath
- Cause: plaque buildup on teeth and gums
- Treatment: professional cleaning + improved home care (brushing, flossing)
Periodontitis (advanced stage)
- Not fully reversible — but can be managed
- Bone loss — the infection spreads below the gum line, destroying bone
- Symptoms: receding gums, loose teeth, persistent bad breath, pus
- Treatment: scaling/root planing, medications, possible surgery
- Requires ongoing care — regular professional cleanings and home care
Risk factors
- Poor oral hygiene — plaque buildup
- Smoking — significantly increases risk and slows healing
- Diabetes — compromises immune response
- Genetics — some people are more prone
- Hormonal changes — pregnancy, menopause
- Stress — weakens immune system
Prevention & early treatment
- Brush twice daily
- Floss daily
- Regular professional cleanings — every 6 months (or more frequently if at risk)
- Don’t smoke
- Manage diabetes and stress
- See a dentist if gums bleed — early treatment can prevent progression
Caught early, gum disease is manageable. Ignored, it leads to tooth loss.
Frequently asked questions
Is bleeding gums always gum disease?
Not always, but persistent bleeding usually signals inflammation from plaque buildup. See a dentist to confirm and treat.
Can gum disease be reversed?
Yes — gingivitis (early stage) is reversible with professional cleaning and improved home care. Periodontitis (advanced) requires ongoing professional treatment.