Gum pain & swelling
Swollen or painful gums can signal gingivitis, infection, or impacted teeth. Learn common causes and when to seek care.
Medically reviewed by Dr. Jose — June 8, 2026
Gum pain and swelling are signs that something in your mouth needs attention—usually plaque buildup, gum disease, or a localized infection.
Common causes
- Gingivitis (early gum disease) — from plaque buildup
- Impacted wisdom tooth — pressure and inflammation
- Food or debris stuck — irritating the gum
- Infection in a tooth — can cause localized gum swelling
- Canker sore or ulcer — on the gum
- Poor oral hygiene — plaque buildup irritates gums
Home care
- Improve brushing and flossing — remove plaque
- Rinse with warm salt water — reduces inflammation
- Avoid irritants — spicy, hot, or hard foods
- Use a soft toothbrush
When to see a dentist
- Swelling doesn’t improve after 1 week
- Swelling + fever (sign of infection)
- Swelling affecting just one area (possible cavity or impacted tooth)
- Pain with chewing
Red flags: seek emergency care
- Swelling spreading to your cheek, jaw, or neck
- Difficulty breathing or swallowing
- Fever with swelling
Frequently asked questions
Why is one part of my gum swollen?
Local swelling often indicates a cavity, impacted food/debris, gum disease, or an infected tooth. See a dentist for an exam.
When should I be worried?
If swelling comes with fever, you have difficulty swallowing, or swelling is spreading, seek urgent care immediately.